Influence of Insulin Resistance and TNF-α on the Inflammatory Process, Oxidative Stress, and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Table 1
Clinical and laboratory data in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with (IR+) or without (IR−) insulin resistance.
IR− ()
IR+ ()
Disease duration (years)
11.0 (5.0–18.3)
8.0 (4.0–20.3)
NS
RF (IU/mL)
48.3 (0.0–125.0)
26.9 (0.0–118.2)
NS
Anti-CCP (U/mL)
25.55 (0.13–120.10)
6.65 (0.50–131.40)
NS
DAS 28
3.51 (2.39–4.49)
3.76 (2.85–4.78)
0.043
DAS 28, (%)
Remission (<2.6)
27 (29.7% )
16 (19.5%)
Low (2.6–3.2)
12 (13.2%)
11 (13.4%)
0.001
Moderate (3.2–5.1)
42 (46.1%)
39 (47.6%)
High (>5.1)
10 (10.0%)
16 (19.5%)
CPR (mg/L)
3.52 (1.31–12.38)
6.35 (2.51–11.08)
0.040
ESR (mm)
14.0 (6.0–22.0)
19.5 (9.3–35.5)
0.023
Therapy
Prednisone (Y/N)
64/27
54/28
NS
Antimalarials (Y/N)
38/53
32/50
NS
Anti-TNF- (Y/N)
20/71
19/63
NS
Adalimumab
7
6
NS
Etanercept
13
13
Methotrexate (Y/N)
57/34
62/20
NS
Leflunomide (Y/N)
40/51
35/47
NS
Chi-square test with Yates correction. Mann-Whitney test. Data are expressed as median (25–75%). Y, yes; N, no; RF, rheumatoid factor; anti-CCP, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody; DAS 28, Disease Activity Score evaluating 28 joints; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and NS, not significant.
