Influence of Insulin Resistance and TNF-α on the Inflammatory Process, Oxidative Stress, and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Table 2
Anthropometric, clinical, and laboratorial profile in healthy subjects (controls) and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with or without insulin resistance (IR).
Controls ()
RA+ IR− ()
RA+ IR+ ()
Control versus RA+ IR−
Control versus RA+ IR+
RA+ IR− versus RA+ IR+
Gender (F/M)
80/17
70/21
70/12
NS
NS
NS
Caucasian/not Caucasian
72/25
58/33
53/29
NS
NS
NS
Age (years)
51.0 (42.5–69.5)
56.0 (46.0–63.3)
57.5 (48.8–62.3)
NS
NS
NS
BMI (kg/m2)
25.8 (23.8–28.0)
25.9 (22.8–29.3)
29.4 (25.3–33.4)
NS
<0.0001
<0.0001
WC (cm)
91.5 (87.0–97.3)
90.0 (82.0–97.3)
98.0 (91.0–107.3)
NS
<0.01
<0.0001
Glucose (mg/dL)
87.0 (82.8–95.0)
85.0 (80.0–90.0)
96.0 (88.9–113.0)
NS
<0.0001
<0.0001
Insulin (U/mL)
6.35 (4.60–8.03)
6.70 (5.30–8.10)
13.95 (11.10–16.78)
NS
<0.0001
<0.0001
HOMA-IR
1.35 (1.01–1.69)
1.42 (1.07–1.75)
3.41 (2.71–4.46)
NS
<0.0001
<0.0001
CL-LOOH (cpm)
166.7 (141.9–179.0)
169.2 (150.0–198.9)
166.2 (152.6–201.5)
NS
NS
NS
AOPP (mol/L of chloramines-T equivalents)
150.4 (118.4–209.6)
123.5 (100.4–171.3)
173.8 (123.9–238.7)
<0.05
NS
<0.0001
TRAP (M Trolox/mg UA)
158.9 (122.2–200.9)
171.5 (146.1–207.9)
155.9 (121.0–177.3)
NS
NS
<0.05
OSI
0.228 (0.166–0.321)
0.762 (0.578–0.952)
1.183 (0.753–1.680)
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.001
Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s posttest. Data are expressed as median (25–75%). BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; CL-LOOH, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence; AOPPs, advanced oxidation protein products; TRAP, total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter; and OSI, oxidative stress index. NS: not significant.
