Lower Serum Caveolin-1 Is Associated with Cerebral Microbleeds in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of patients according to the presence of cSVD.

Variables	All patients	CMBs (+)	SLIs (+)	WMHs (+)
Age, y	63.2 ± 9.1	65.1 ± 8.4	65.0 ± 8.7	64.7 ± 9.0
Male, %	107 (68.6)	44 (77.2)	60 (73.2)	62 (65.3)
Hypertension, %	104 (66.7)	44 (77.2)	56 (68.3)	70 (73.7)
Diabetes mellitus, %	37 (23.7)	16 (28.1)	22 (26.8)	23 (24.2)
Dyslipidemia, %	52 (33.3)	15 (26.3)	25 (30.5)	30 (31.6)
Heart disease, %	22 (14.1)	8 (14.0)	14 (17.1)	13 (13.7)
BMI, kg/m^2	25.1 (23.9–26.0)	24.9 (24.0–25.9)	25.3 (23.9–26.1)	24.9 (23.9–25.8)
Smoking, %	54 (34.6)	19 (33.3)	28 (34.1)	35 (36.8)
Alcohol intake, %	59 (37.8)	22 (38.6)	33 (40.2)	38 (40.0)
SBP, mmHg	140 (130–145)	140 (131–149)	140 (130–148)	140 (130–148)
DBP, mmHg	85 (80–90)	90 (80–95)	85 (80–90)	86 (80–90)
Antithrombotics use, %	58 (37.2)	18 (31.6)	29 (35.4)	37 (38.9)
Onset-to-MRI time, day	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)
Onset-to-blood drawing time, day	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)	2 (1-2)
NIHSS	3 (2–5)	3 (2–4.5)	3 (2–5)	3 (2–6)
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	91.8 (85.1–105.6)	92.2 (84.6–116.3)	91.8 (84.6–104.8)	93.6 (86.4–108.0)
Triglycerides, mg/dL	119.0 (89.4–160.2)	113.3 (87.2–149.1)	107.1 (87.4–151.8)	119.5 (87.6–159.3)
HDL, mg/dL	40.8 ± 11.4	41.8 ± 12.9	41.1 ± 11.0	41.8 ± 11.7
LDL, mg/dL	95.0 ± 27.8	93.8 ± 22.2	94.1 ± 26.9	95.7 ± 24.3
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	157.2 ± 36.1	155.9 ± 30.5	155.6 ± 36.3	157.6 ± 34.9
Fibrinogen, mg/dL	296.1 ± 59.4	310.9 ± 61.1	301.2 ± 65.3	295.8 ± 58.1
Cav-1, ng/mL	5.62 ± 2.63	4.74 ± 2.26	5.71 ± 2.77	5.65 ± 2.58

CMBs, cerebral microbleeds; SLIs, silent lacunar infarcts; WMHs, white matter hyperintensities; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; Cav-1, caveolin-1.
⁢; compared with corresponding negative (−) group.