The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of Oxidative Stress

Table 1

Studies of drugs that alter levels of dopamine or its metabolites in clinical disorders. up, down.

Drug	Clinical disorder	Dopamine or metabolites	Ref.
Rasagiline	Antidepressant	MAO-A and MAO-B in the brain ↓	[86]
Methamphetamine (METH)	Addiction	Expression of fosb, fra1, and fra2 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) ↓	[87]
Ladostigil	Antidepressant	MAO-A and MAO-B in the brain ↓	[86]
Risperidone/donepezil	Parkinsonian features	Dopamine transporter activity ↑	[88]
Cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine	Addiction	Extracellular dopamine in CNS ↑	[89]
1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)	Parkinsonian features	Dopamine and TH ↓	[90]
PAOPA	Schizophrenia	Active site of the dopamine D(2) receptor ↓	[91]
Methylphenidate	Cocaine addiction	Dopamine transporter ↓	[92]
Phenelzine	Depression and anxiety disorders	Dopamine levels in brain ↑	[93]
Amphetamine	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	Extracellular dopamine ↑	[94]
L-DOPA	Parkinson disease	Brain dopamine levels ↑	[95]
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine	Addiction	Brain dopamine levels ↑	[96]
Flupenthixol, perphenazine, and zotepine	Tauopathies	Dopamine D(2) receptor ↓	[97]
Asenapine	Acute schizophrenia, manic episodes, bipolar I disorder	Brain dopamine levels ↑	[98]
Pramipexole	Depression	Dopamine receptor D(3) ↑	[99]