Metformin Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species, Enhances Osteogenic Properties of Adipose-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro, and Increases Bone Density In Vivo

Figure 5

Evaluation of senescence markers in MuASCs after 7th day of culture. Photographs showing different types of cellular senescence-associated markers. Cells stained with Calcein-AM (I, V), Propidium Iodide (II, VI), antibodies for caspase-3 (III, VII, nuclei counterstained with DAPI), and senescence dye (IV, VIII) showing cells with β-galactosidase accumulation. Abbreviations used to describe different cell types: lc: live cell, dc: dead cell, cas-3: caspase-3 positive cell, and β-gal: β-galactosidase positive cell. Magnifications: Calcein-AM and P. Iodide ×50, scale bar: 500 μm; caspase-3 ×100, scale bar: 250 μm; β-galactosidase ×200, scale bar: 125 μm. Data was also presented quantitatively by calculating percentage of cells positive for caspase-3 (b) and β-gal (c). Results expressed as mean ± SD. value < 0.05, value < 0.01.

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