Metformin Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species, Enhances Osteogenic Properties of Adipose-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro, and Increases Bone Density In Vivo

Figure 8

Concentration of osteogenic-related proteins and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. Extracellular protein levels under osteogenic conditions. Quantitative ELISA results for osteopontin (a), osteocalcin (b), and BMP-2 (c). Gene expression in MuASCs cultured in osteogenesis-promoting conditions. Osteopontin (d) and BMP-2 (e). Results expressed as mean ± SD. value < 0.05, value < 0.01, and value < 0.001.

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