Oxidative Stress-Related Parthanatos of Circulating Mononuclear Leukocytes in Heart Failure

Figure 2

Representative microscopic image of anti-4-hydoxynonenal (HNE), antinitrotyrosine (NT), anti-poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) stained leukocyte smears, and AIF translocation. The brown-colored (HNE) or black-colored (NT, PAR, and AIF) diamino-benzidine (DAB) represents specific labeling; the blue-colored hematoxylin (HNE) or red-colored Nuclear Fast Red (NFR) (NT, PAR, and AIF) was used for counterstaining. The microscopic images were taken by light microscopy using 40x/0.75 objective; the length of the scale bar is 50 μm. The ratio of positively stained nuclear area is increased in CHF patients’ leukocyte smears stained against PAR and AIF.