Associations between Specific Redox Biomarkers and Age in a Large European Cohort: The MARK-AGE Project
Table 2
Biomarker concentrations in the three study populations1.
All ()
RASIG ()
GO ()
SGO ()
Antioxidants
Ascorbic acid (mg/L)
4.41 (4.26; 4.58)
4.13 (3.91; 4.36)
4.73 (4.44; 5.02)‡
4.70 (4.33; 5.08)‡
0.002
Adjusted GLM2
4.32 (4.13; 4.52)
4.17 (3.87; 4.49)
3.85 (3.32; 4.41)
0.258
Uric acid (mg/L)
45.9 (45.3; 46.5)
45.7 (44.9; 46.5)
45.3 (44.2; 46.3)
47.4 (46.0; 48.8)◊
0.047
Adjusted GLM2
45.4 (44.6; 46.1)
46.0 (44.7; 47.2)
47.0 (44.7; 49.3)
0.341
Total cysteine (μmol/L)
148.2 (146.6; 149.8)
144.8 (142.5; 147.1)
150.8 (147.9; 153.6)‡
153.3 (149.3; 157.3)‡
<0.001
Adjusted GLM2
144.2 (141.8; 146.6)
149.6 (145.7; 153.4)‡
145.5 (138.4; 152.6)
0.072
Total glutathione (μmol/L)
1100 (1091; 1110)
1088 (1074; 1102)
1110 (1093; 1127)
1120 (1099; 1141)‡
0.024
Adjusted GLM2
1092 (1077; 1106)
1112 (1089; 1135)
1149 (1106; 1193)‡
0.025
Lycopene (μmol/L)
0.574 (0.556; 0.592)
0.631 (0.604; 0.659)
0.525 (0.497; 0.554)‡
0.503 (0.464; 0.543)‡
<0.001
Adjusted GLM2
0.608 (0.583; 0.635)
0.566 (0.526; 0.606)
0.539 (0.470; 0.613)
0.069
α-Tocopherol (μmol/L)
28.8 (28.4; 29.2)
27.8 (27.3; 28.3)
30.1 (29.4; 30.8)‡
29.6 (28.6; 30.5)‡
<0.001
Adjusted GLM2
27.9 (27.4; 28.5)
29.3 (28.4; 30.3)‡
29.9 (28.2; 31.7)‡
0.005
Oxidative stress biomarkers
Protein Carbonyls (nmol/mg)
0.577 (0.573; 0.582)
0.595 (0.590; 0.601)
0.558 (0.551; 0.566)‡
0.561 (0.552; 0.571)‡
<0.001
Adjusted GLM2
0.591 (0.585; 0.597)
0.566 (0.557; 0.575)‡
0.564 (0.547; 0.581)‡
<0.001
3-Nitrotyrosine (pmol/mg)
4.11 (3.97; 4.25)
3.94 (3.75; 4.13)
4.40 (4.14; 4.67)‡
4.10 (3.77; 4.44)
0.018
Adjusted GLM2
3.90 (3.70; 4.11)
4.38 (4.03; 4.74)‡
3.76 (3.18; 4.38)
0.048
Malondialdehyde (μmol/L)
0.316 (0.306; 0.326)
0.336 (0.322; 0.350)
0.284 (0.266; 0.302)‡
0.317 (0.290; 0.346)
<0.001
Adjusted GLM2
0.334 (0.319; 0.348)
0.288 (0.267; 0.311)‡
0.314 (0.274; 0.357)
0.004
1Geometric mean (95% CI). 2Adjusted general linear model (GLM): univariate general linear model adjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, gender, and country (center). ‡Statistically significant difference to RASIG. ◊Statistically significant difference to GO. values: statistically significant differences were determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test and by Fisher’s least significant difference post hoc test in the GLM.
