Associations between Specific Redox Biomarkers and Age in a Large European Cohort: The MARK-AGE Project

Table 3

Comparison of study groups with a reference group.

	Reference Group; (RASIG; 35–54 years); ()	RASIG; (55–75 years); ()	GO; (55–75 years); ()	SGO; (55–75 years); ()
Antioxidants
Ascorbic acid (mg/L)	4.37 (4.12; 4.63)	4.13 (3.91; 4.36)	4.73 (4.44; 5.02)	4.70 (4.33; 5.08)
Uric acid (mg/L)	42.4 (41.6; 43.3)	45.7 (44.9; 46.5)	45.3 (44.2; 46.3)	47.4 (46.0; 48.8)
Total cysteine (μmol/L)	130.3 (128.1; 132.5)	143.0 (140.7; 145.3)	149.0 (146.1; 151.9)	151.4 (147.4; 155.5)
Total glutathione (μmol/L)	1107 (1092; 1121)	1088 (1074; 1101)	1110 (1093; 1127)	1120 (1099; 1142)
Lycopene (μmol/L)	0.83 (0.80; 0.86)	0.63 (0.60; 0.66)	0.53 (0.50; 0.55)	0.50 (0.46; 0.54)
α-Tocopherol (μmol/L)	25.7 (10.4; 10.6)	27.8 (10.9; 11.2)	30.1 (11.4; 11.7)	29.6 (11.2; 11.7)
Oxidative stress biomarkers
Protein carbonyls (nmol/mg)	0.603 (0.598; 0.609)	0.595 (0.590; 0.601)	0.558 (0.551; 0.566)	0.561 (0.552; 0.571)
3-Nitrotyrosine (pmol/mg)	3.8 (3.6; 4.0)	3.9 (3.8; 4.1)	4.4 (4.1; 4.7)	4.1 (3.8; 4.4)
Malondialdehyde (μmol/L)	0.31 (0.30; 0.32)	0.34 (0.32; 0.35)	0.28 (0.27; 0.30)	0.32 (0.29; 0.35)

and by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.