Oxidative Stress and Cellular Response to Doxorubicin: A Common Factor in the Complex Milieu of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity

Table 1

Doxorubicin-induced toxic effects in cardiac and extracardiac cells.

Cell type	Study	Mechanism of toxicity
CPCs	De Angelis et al. [48]	Oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis
CPCs	Piegari et al. [56]	DNA damage and senescence
CPCs	De Angelis et al. [57]	Oxidative stress, senescence, apoptosis, and reduced migratory capacity
CPCs	Piegari et al. [58]	Senescence and apoptosis
CPCs	Lazzarini et al. [59]	Senescence and apoptosis
CPCs	Huang et al. [60]	Senescence and impaired differentiation potential
ECs	Kalivendi et al. [73]	Oxidative stress, NO deficit, and apoptosis
ECs	Kotamraju et al. [74]	Oxidative stress and apoptosis
ECs	Wojcik et al. [72]	Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and reduced elasticity
ECs	Wilkinson et al. [76]	Impaired microvascular permeability
SMCs	Bielak-Zmijewska et al. [78]	Oxidative stress and senescence
SMCs	Murata et al. [79]	DNA damage and apoptosis
SMCs	Murata et al. [80]	Impaired relaxation and apoptosis
CFs	Zhan et al. [81]	Apoptosis
CFs	Cappetta et al. [88]	Profibrotic phenotype
CFs	Marmisolle et al. [94]	Senescence
CFs	Ghosh et al. [95]	Senescence
MSCs	Yang et al. [110]	Apoptosis and decreased secretory function
MSCs	Oliveira et al. [112]	Lower proliferation rate and impaired differentiation potential
MSCs	Buttiglieri et al. [113]	Telomere length shortening and reduced clonogenic potential
EPCs	De Falco et al. [116]	Oxidative stress and senescence
EPCs	Spallarossa et al. [117]	Senescence and reduced migratory capacity
EPCs	Yasuda et al. (2010)	Senescence and defective engraftment

CPCs: cardiac progenitor cells; ECs: endothelial cells; SMCs: smooth muscle cells; CFs: cardiac fibroblasts; MSCs: mesenchymal stem cells; EPCs: endothelial progenitor cells.