|
| Phytochemical | Target HDAC or HAT | Molecular pathway | Model | Cardiovascular effect | Reference |
|
| Honokiol | ↑ Sirt3 | ↓ collagen, B-MHC, and ANF | TAC induced heart failure model
In vivo
PE and Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy
In vitro | Blocks cardiac hypertrophic response
Ameliorates preexisting hypertrophy
↓ oxidative stress | [37] |
| Oroxylin A | ↑ Sirt3 | ↑ aldehyde dehydrogenase | Insulin-induced cardiac dysfunction
In vitro | Preserved cardiac myocyte contractility | [87] |
| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ AMPK-α
↑ eNOS | High-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia
In vivo | ↓ serum cholesterol
↓ oxidative stress
Improved morphology of myocardial tissue | [90] |
| | | ↓ Ac-FoxO1
↓ Nrf2 | High-glucose-induced-autophagy
In vitro | ↓ ROS
↓ autophagy | [89] |
| Quercetin | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ AMPK-α
↑ eNOS
↓ NOX2
↓ NOX4
↓ NF-κB | OxLDL-induced endothelial oxidative stress
In vitro | Preserved mitochondrial function
↓ inflammation | [91] |
| | | | | | |
| Berberine | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ SOD
↑ Bcl-2
↓ Bax, caspase 3 | Ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial Infraction
In vivo
Simulated ischemia/reperfusion model
In vitro | ↓ infract size
↓ oxidative stress
↓ apoptosis
↓ LDH
Maintained LVEF and LVFS
Inhibited increase in IL-6 and TNF-α | [92] |
| Bakuchiol | ↑ Sirt1 | GC-1α
↑ Bcl2
↓ Bax, caspase 3
↑ SOD, SDH, Cyt-c oxidase | Ischemia reperfusion-induced myocardial infraction
Ex vivo
Simulated ischemia/reperfusion model
In vitro
Rat cardiac myocytes | ↓ apoptosis
↓ oxidative stress
Maintained mitochondrial bioenergetics | [93] |
| n-Tyrosol | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ Akt
↑ eNOS
↑ Foxo3a | TAC induced myocardial infraction
In vivo | ↓ infract size
↓ apoptosis
↓ fibrosis
↑ LVIDd
↑ EF
↑ FS | [94] |
| α-Lipoic acid | ↑ Sirt1 | ↓ PARP-2 | TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy
In vivo
Ang II-induced hypertrophy
In vitro | ↓ cardiac hypertrophy | [95] |
| Docosahexaenoic acid | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ eNOS | In vitro
Ex vivo | ↑ NO synthesis
↑ bioavailable NO | [26] |
| Sulforaphane | ↑ Sirt1 | ↑ Nrf2, NQo1, HO-1
↓ PAI-I, TNF-α, CTFG, TGF-β
Preserved LKB1/AMPK/PGC-1α | T2DM-induced cardiomyopathy
In vivo | ↓ cardiac remodeling
↓ cardiac dysfunction
↓ cardiac lipid accumulation
↓ oxidative stress
↓ inflammation
↓ fibrosis | [96] |
| Caffeic acid ethanolamide | ↑ Sirt1
↑ Sirt3 | ↑ SOD, HIF1-α | Isoproterenol-induced cardiac dysfunction
In vivo
In vitro | Restored oxygen consumption rates
Preserved ATP levels
↓ cardiac remodeling
↓ oxidative stress
Preserved mitochondrial function | [97] |
|
