Long Noncoding RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in Oxidative Stress, Cellular Senescence, and Age-Related Diseases

Table 1

A list of lncRNAs involved in DNA damage response, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and age-related diseases.

LncRNAs	Functions	References
DNA damage response
LincRNA-p21	Represses gene expression with hnRNP K	[20–22]
LincRNA-RoR	Suppresses p53 translation with hnRNP I and inhibits p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis	[23–25]
Pint	Connects p53 activation with epigenetic silencing by PRC2	[20, 26]
PANDA	Regulates proapoptotic genes with NF-YA	[27–29]
LncRNA-JADE	Connects the DNA damage response to histone H4 acetylation	[30]
Oxidative stress
H19	Upregulated by oxidative stress	[31–34]
ANRIL	Represses the expression of INK4A-ARF-INK4B	[35]
LncRNA-LET	Degrades NF90 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway	[36]
LINK-A	Regulates the stabilization of HIF-1α	[37]
Cellular senescence
7SL	Promotes cell growth via suppression of p53	[38, 39]
HOTAIR	Represses transcription of HOXD with PRC2	[40–42]
UCA1	Negative correlation between p27 and UCA in breast cancer tissue	[43–45]
LincRNA-p21	Influences the p53 tumor suppressor pathway by regulating p53-mediated p21 expression	[46]
ANRIL	Regulates CDKN2A/B by epigenetic mechanisms	[47–52]
ANRASSF1	Represses the expression of RASSF1A	[53, 54]
PANDA	Interacts with PRC1, PRC2, and NF-YA and represses the transcription of senescence-promoting genes	[55, 56]
FAL1	Oncogenic activity of FAL1 is repression of p21	[57, 58]
MIR31HG	Interacts with both INK3A and PcG proteins and represses INK4A	[59]
SALNR	Regulates NF90 activity	[60]
VAD	Regulates chromatin structure and increases the expression of INK4	[61]
Neurodegenerative diseases
BC200	Upregulation of BC200 related to the severity of AD	[63, 64]
BACE1-AS	Regulates BACE1 mRNA and generates Aβ 1–42	[65, 66]
NDM29	Induces APP and increases Aβ secretion	[67, 68]
17A	Enhances Aβ secretion by impairing GABA-B signaling	[69, 71]
AS Uchl1	Induces Uchl1 expression by increasing its translation	[73]
naPINK1	Regulates the stabilization of svPINK1 expression	[71, 74]
TUG1	Downstream target of p53 and regulates cell-cycle genes	[76–79]
MEG3	Epigenetically regulates chromatin in HD	[16, 78]
HTTAS-V1	Overexpression of HTTAS-V1 reduces HTT transcripts	[80]
Immune response
THRIL	Regulates TNFα expression and is associated with childhood acute inflammatory diseases	[82]
Lnc-DC	Exclusively expressed in dendritic cells and regulates DC differentiation	[83]
Lnc-IL7R	Diminishes LPS-induced inflammatory response	[84]
LincRNA-EPS	Regulated in macrophages to control the expression of immune response genes	[85]
Diabetes
RNCR3	Regulates retinal endothelial cell function via RNCR3/KLF2/miR-185-5p	[87, 88]
MEG3	Downregulates MEG3 in the retinas of STZ-induced diabetic mice	[89, 90]
HI-LNC25	Regulates β cell differentiation and maturation	[91, 92]
Muscle dysfunction
SRA	Enhances the activity of nuclear receptors and regulates differentiation of MyoD	[94, 95]
MUNC	Facilitates the function of MyoD in skeletal myogenesis	[96]
Linc-RAM	Promotes assembly of MyoD-Baf60-Brg1 complex and increases the transcription of myogenic differentiation genes	[97]
Atherosclerosis
SENCR	Impedes migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells by regulating FOXO1 and TRPC6 expression	[101–103]
Cataracts
LncRNA-MIAT	Upregulated in patients with cataracts and involved in the maintenance of LECs	[106]