Amelioration of Abnormalities Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome by Spinacia oleracea (Spinach) Consumption and Aerobic Exercise in Rats

Figure 3

(a) Effect of NAOE, AE, NAOEAE, and gemfibrozil on insulin levels in fructose-fed rats. (b) Effect of NAOE, AE, NAOEAE, and gemfibrozil on insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in fructose-fed rats. All values are mean ± SEM; N = 6 in each group, one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison tests applied for statistical analysis. values: ^a<0.001, when toxicant control is compared with normal control; <0.05 when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control; <0.001, when experimental groups are compared with toxicant control.

(a)

(b)