3-Hydroxykynurenine and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid Enhance the Toxicity Induced by Copper in Rat Astrocyte Culture

Figure 1

Effect of CuSO₄ on cellular function (a), ROS production (b), MMP (c), and cell viability (d) in astrocytes. After incubation for 24 h with copper, MTT, DCFC-DA, JC-1, and iodide propidium were added to each well, respectively. Data are presented as mean values + SEM of 8 independent experiments from 4 different cultures. versus control (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test).

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