Cardiovascular Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Cocaine: Biomarkers and Possible Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress

Figure 2

NMDA-receptor targeting by cocaine (hypothesis). The scheme is drawn by analogy to the functional effects observed at the level of the cell nitric oxide chemistry and detected when treating glioma cells in culture with morphine [55]. It shows the activation of the cocaine-mediated NMDA-R, leading to cytoplasmic Ca⁺⁺ rise, activation of the constitutive NOS, and release of NO, targeting mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes.