Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis Patients: A Review of the Literature

Table 1

Effect of HD session on OS.

Study (ref.)	Year	OS biomarker	Patients	Results
Data regarding effect of HD on OS
Sela et al. [25]	2005	MPO activity in PMNLs; SOD release rate in PMNLs	30 CKD (stages 2–5); 30 CAPD; 30 HD; 30 healthy controls	HD > CAPD > CKD > controls
Maher et al. [19]	1987	Free radicals	51 HD; 33 healthy controls	Baseline: same HD = control; After 15 of HD: ↑; After 30 of HD: peak
Descamps-Latscha et al. [20]	1991	Complement activation and stimulation of PMNLs	20 HD	After 15 of HD: ↑, peak
Himmelfarb et al. [21]	1993	ROS	10 HD	After 15 of HD: ↑ (×6.5 times); After 30 of HD: peak
Yang et al. [28]	2006	ROS; Plasma vitamin C level	80 HD	After HD: ↑ (×14 times)
Clermont et al. [22]	2001	Plasma vitamin C level ascorbyl free radical/vitamin C ratio; PMNL activation	16 HD	After HD: ↑↑
Chen et al. [10]	1998	SOD; MPO	104 HD; 98 healthy controls	Baseline: HD > control; After HD: HD >>> control
Nguyen et al. [18]	1985	ROS	35 HD; 44 healthy controls	Baseline: HD < control; After 15 of HD: ↑ HD >> control; End of HD: ↓ HD < control

CKD: chronic kidney disease; HD: hemodialysis; OS: oxidative stress; MDA: malondialdehyde; ADMA: asymmetric dimethylarginine; SOD: superoxide dismutase; Zn: zinc; Cu: copper; Se: selenium; GSH-Px: glutathione peroxidase; TAS: total antioxidant status; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; CAPD: continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; MPO: myeloperoxidase; PMNL: polymorphonuclear neutrophil; ROS: reactive oxygen species.