A Cystine-Rich Whey Supplement (Immunocal®) Provides Neuroprotection from Diverse Oxidative Stress-Inducing Agents In Vitro by Preserving Cellular Glutathione

Figure 6

Immunocal protects NSC34 cells from H₂O₂ and glutamate/glycine-induced excitotoxicity. (a) Cell survival was quantified with MTT cell viability assay for 5 independent experiments in undifferentiated NSC34 left untreated (control), treated with H₂O₂ (250 μM), or preincubated with Immunocal for 24 h before H₂O₂ treatment for further 24 h. Results are shown as mean ± SEM, . indicates compared to control, † indicates compared to H₂O₂, and †† indicates compared to H₂O₂. (b) Representative images showing morphological differences between undifferentiated (wildtype (WT)) and differentiated (DIFF) NSC34 cells, β-tubulin (green), and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 10 μm. (c) Cell survival was quantified for 5 independent experiments with an MTT cell viability assay in differentiated NSC34 cells left untreated (control), treated with glutamate/glycine (1 mM/100 μM), or preincubated with Immunocal for 24 h before glutamate/glycine treatment for further 24 h. indicates compared to control, and † indicates compared to glutamate/glycine. Con: control; ICAL: Immunocal; GG: glutamate/glycine.

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