Impact of Aging and Exercise on Mitochondrial Quality Control in Skeletal Muscle

Figure 2

Exercise and mitochondrial dynamics in aging muscle. Endurance exercise training increases mitochondrial biogenesis in aging muscle, although its extent may be lessened compared to young muscle. In addition, chronic exercise leads to a global upregulation of protein markers for mitochondrial dynamic controls: fusion/fission, autophagy/mitophagy, and protein import. Since the lysosomal system has been suggested as a key player for governing mitochondrial quality control, the role of TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, appears to be important and its relationship with PGC-1α may be also considerable for the exercise-inducible upregulation of mitochondrial turnovers. However, more studies are needed to clarify the effects of endurance training exercise on the mitochondrial turnover systems in aging muscle.