Sestrin2 as a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Various Diseases

Figure 3

Modulation of AMPK and mTOR pathway by Sestrins. Activation of mTOR signaling induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, inhibits autophagy, and promotes protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Sestrins downregulate mTOR signaling pathway and activate AMPK signaling, which in turn relieves autophagy inhibition and reduces protein synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition, Sestrins decrease ROS generation through the inhibition of NAPDH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) dependent ROS generation pathway. 4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; ATG1: autophagy-related protein 1; S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase; TSC1/2: tuberous sclerosis complex 1 and 2; ULK1: unc-51-like autophagy-activating kinase 1.