Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis: A Current Review of the Literature

Table 2

Effect of antioxidant supplementation on PD patients.

Study	Year	Patient modality	Antioxidant	Study period	Results
Shah et al. [106]	1991	7 PD	100 mg ascorbic acid/day	4 weeks	↑ 45% in serum ascorbic acid levels
Ando et al. [100]	1999	16 CAPD	1.8 gr EPA/day	12 weeks	↓ serum ox-LDL levels
Islam et al. [101]	2000	17 PD	800 IU AT/day	12 weeks	↓ susceptibility of LDL oxidation; ↑ 217% serum lipid-standardized AT; ↑ 135% serum LDL AT levels
O' Byrne et al. [104]	2001	17 PD	800 IU AT/day	12 weeks	↑ serum LDL AT levels; No effect on autoantibodies to ox-LDL
Diepeveen et al. [102]	2005	21 PD	40 mg atorvastatin/day	12 weeks	↓ serum ox-LDL levels; Improved lipid profile; No effect on in vitro LDL oxidizability
			800 IU AT/day	12 weeks	No effect on serum ox-LDL levels; No effect on lipid profile; ↓ in vitro LDL oxidizability
Domenici et al. [103]	2005	22 PD	300 mg AT x3/week	4 weeks	↑ 50% serum vitamin E levels; ↓ protein oxidation; ↓ OS-induced DNA damage (serum levels 8-OHdG)
Uzum et al. [23]	2006	13 PD	300 mg AT/day	20 weeks	↑ serum vitamin E levels; ↓ erythrocyte osmotic fragility
Nascimento et al. [117]	2010	30 PD	1200 mg NAC/day	8 weeks	↑ serum NAC levels (2.6 to 24.8 mmol/l); ↓ serum IL-6 levels(9.4 to 7.6 pg/ml)
Boudouris et al. [15]	2013	20 CAPD	250 mg vitamin C/day; 400 IU AT/day	8 weeks	↑ serum, urine, and peritoneal fluid TAC levels; ↓ serum, urine, and peritoneal fluid MDA levels

EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; NAC: n-acetylcysteine; IL-6: interleukin-6.