Inhibition of Caveolae Contributes to Propofol Preconditioning-Suppressed Microvesicles Release and Cell Injury by Hypoxia-Reoxygenation

Figure 5

EMVs released from H/R-treated ECs cause damages to normal HUVECs. (a) Identification of EMVs by transmission electron microscopy, scale bar = 1 μm. (b) Identification of EMVs by fluorescence microscopy, scale bar = 1000 μm. (c) The PKH26-labeled H/R-EMVs were added to normal HUVECs for 4 h and then observed by confocal. Scale bar = 2 μm. (d, e) H/R-EMVs caused cell damage to normal HUVECs measured by CCK-8 and LDH. (f–h) H/R-EMVs caused oxidative stress to normal HUVECs measured by ROS, MDA, and T-SOD. (i–j) H/R-EMVs caused mitochondrial damage to normal HUVECs measured by mitochondrial viability and intracellular ATP content. Mean ± SD are from 5 different experiments. refers to , refers to .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)

(j)