A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Development and Progression of Cardiac Remodeling

Figure 1

Schematic overview of the main events that contribute to cardiac remodeling. Among the multiple signaling pathways involved, the increase in cell death, inflammation, and oxidative stress pathways, as well as alterations in energy metabolism, converge in cardiomyocyte (CMs) loss, hypertophy, and myocardial fibrosis, leading to cardiac remodeling. The main consequence in such structural modifications is heart failure.