Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Increased Vulnerability of the Ageing Oocyte to Oxidative Damage

Table 2

Alterations in protein expression and activity of pathways involved in mitigating oxidative damage in the aged oocyte.

Category	Proteins/hormones	Cellular compartment	References
Antioxidants	↓SOD1, ↓SOD2, and ↓CAT	Human granulosa cells	[112]
	↓SOD1 and ↓SOD (activity)	Human cumulus cells	[113]
	↓GST (activity and expression), ↓CAT (activity), and ↑SOD (activity)	Human follicular fluid	[114]
	↓GST (activity), ↓GR (activity), and ↓GPX (activity)	Human follicular fluid	[24]
	↓SOD and ↓GPX	Human ovaries	[115]
	↓TXN1 and ↓GSTM5	Mouse MII oocytes	[116]
	↓GST (activity)	Mouse MII oocytes	[117]
	↓Melatonin	Human follicular fluid	[121]
Sirtuin proteins	↓SIRT1	Mouse GV oocyte	[127]
	↓SIRT2	Mouse MII oocyte	[137]
	↓SIRT3	Human granulosa and cumulus	[133]
DNA repair/checkpoint	↓Telomerase (activity)	Human ovary	[147]
	↓Telomerase (activity) and ↓TERT	Mouse MII oocytes	[148]
UPS	↓PSMD12 and ↓USP15	Mouse MII oocytes	[116]
Chaperones	↑Dnajc19 and ↑Dnajc11	Mouse MII oocytes	[116]