Ziziphus nummularia Inhibits Inflammation-Induced Atherogenic Phenotype of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Figure 5

Treatment with increasing concentrations of ZNE leads to a graded decrease in TNF-α-evoked adhesion of THP-1 cells to VSMCs (a) and HUVECs (b). Values represented are mean ± SEM of % THP-1 cell adhesion upon treatment with the corresponding vehicle control ( replicates). Statistical significance was tested with ANOVA followed by Tuckey’s post-hoc test. denotes compared to that of the THP-1 cell adhesion evoked by TNF-α in the absence of ZNE, while # denotes compared to that of the cell adhesion seen upon treatment with the vehicle control.

(a)

(b)