Ziziphus nummularia Inhibits Inflammation-Induced Atherogenic Phenotype of Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

Figure 6

Gradual reduction in TNF-α-evoked adhesion molecule expression ((a), VCAM-1; (b), ICAM-1) on HUVECs detected by cell-surface ELISA upon treatment with increased concentrations of ZNE. Values represented are mean ± SEM of % adhesion molecule expression observed upon treatment with the corresponding vehicle control ( replicates). Statistical significance was tested with ANOVA followed by Tuckey’s post-hoc test. denotes compared to that of the adhesion molecule expression evoked by TNF-α in the absence of ZNE, while # denotes compared to that of the expression observed upon treatment with the vehicle control.

(a)

(b)