Metabolic Reprogramming, Autophagy, and Reactive Oxygen Species Are Necessary for Primordial Germ Cell Reprogramming into Pluripotency

Figure 5

(a) Oct4-GFP flow cytometry in PGC cultures under normoxia, normoxia and 50 μM DCA, normoxia and 0.5 μM resveratrol, normoxia and 5 mg/mL VPA, and hypoxia for 4 days. Normoxic cultures show two separate populations with high and low Oct4-GFP levels, whereas reprogramming cultures under normoxia with DCA, resveratrol and VPA, and hypoxia show a statistically significant appearance of a population with intermediate Oct4 levels. Asterisks show significance at . (b) HIF2 immunofluorescence in normoxic, hypoxic, normoxia + DCA (50 μM), and normoxia + resveratrol (0.5 μM) cultures showing positive reaction in SSEA1+ cell (PGC) nuclei under every condition. (c) Nanog immunofluorescence in normoxic, hypoxic, normoxia + DCA (50 μM), and normoxia + resveratrol (0.5 μM) cultures showing positive reaction in SSEA1+ cell (PGC) nuclei under every condition.

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