Clinical Study

Effect of Weight Loss, Exercise, or Both on Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin and Insulin Secretion in Frail, Obese Older Adults

Table 4

Hierarchical models of changes in disposition index.

RR2ΔR2BSEβ

Diet group
 Model 1.449.202
  Change in UcOC0.3490.1190.4480.006
 Model 2.844.712.511
  Change in UcOC0.2810.0760.361<0.001
  Change in FFM0.0010.00011.042<0.001
  Change in FM−0.00040.0001−1.301<0.001
 Model 3.923.810.140
  Change in UcOC0.1880.0860.2410.037
  Change in FFM0.0010.00011.149<0.001
  Change in FM−0.00040.0001−1.262<0.001
  Change in hs-Crp−0.5170.352−0.3000.154
  Change in IL-6−1.6480.507−0.3560.003
  Change in sTNF R10.0100.0100.1080.348
  Change in leptin0.0100.0300.0740.744
  Change in adiponectin0.0850.0570.1760.146
 Model 4.967.935.083
  Change in UcOC−0.0370.088−0.0480.675
  Change in FFM0.0010.00010.891<0.001
  Change in FM−0.00030.0001−1.100<0.001
  Change in Hs-Crp0.0960.3590.0560.791
  Change in IL-6−2.2340.427−0.483<0.001
  Change in sTNF R1−0.120.010−0.1270.250
  Change in leptin0.0220.0280.1650.432
  Change in adiponectin0.1100.0450.2280.022
  Change in KE strength−0.1610.033−0.558<0.001
  Change in KF strength0.1090.0240.344<0.001
  Change in VO2peak0.3720.1300.4070.009
Diet-exercise group
 Model 1.278.078
  Change in UcOC0.6790.4030.2780.101
 Model 2.525.276.198
  Change in UcOC0.5440.3690.2220.150
  Change in FFM0.00040.0010.1800.387
  Change in FM−0.0010.0002−0.5540.011
 Model 3.838.702.427
  Change in UcOC0.0160.2850.0060.956
  Change in FFM0.0010.00020.5100.006
  Change in FM−0.00030.0004−0.3590.106
  Change in hs-Crp0.1080.2080.0740.608
  Change in IL-6−0.5370.871−0.0860.543
  Change in TNF-R−0.0380.034−0.1800.267
  Change in leptin−0.0740.115−0.1480.526
  Change in adiponectin0.4750.1010.686<0.001
 Model 4.972.946.243
  Change in UcOC−1.2690.221−0.518<0.001
  Change in FFM0.0020.00020.658<0.001
  Change in FM0.0010.00021.318<0.001
  Change in Crp0.1490.0960.1020.132
  Change in IL-60.0960.4220.0150.822
  Change in sTNF R1−0.0770.019−0.362<0.001
  Change in leptin−0.3960.062−0.793<0.001
  Change in adiponectin0.4950.0580.715<0.001
  Change in KE strength0.1910.0380.423<0.001
  Change in KF strength0.3390.0520.434<0.001
  Change in VO2peak1.6280.3190.909<0.001

UcOC: undercarboxylated osteocalcin; FFM: fat-free mass; FM: fat mass; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL6: interleukin 6; sTNF R1: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1; KE: knee extension; KF: knee flexion. Values are given as mean ± SE. ; .