Hypoxia in Obesity and Diabetes: Potential Therapeutic Effects of Hyperoxia and Nitrate

Table 3

Factors influencing HIF-1α stabilization.

Effectors	HIF-1α; stabilizer	HIF-1α; destabilizer	References
Oxygen		✓	[87]
2-OG (2-oxoglutarate)		✓	[87]
Hypoxia	✓		[87]
Hyperoxia		✓	[95]
iNOS-derived NO		✓	[94]
RACK1		✓	[92]
HSP90	✓		[92]
ROS	✓		[81, 82]

HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; HSP90: heat shock protein 90; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; RACK1: receptor for activated C kinase 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
HIF-1α gene expression increases in the first week of hyperoxia exposure and is restored to near normal values in prolonged hyperoxia exposure in weeks 2-3.