Rhinacanthin C Alleviates Amyloid-β Fibrils’ Toxicity on Neurons and Attenuates Neuroinflammation Triggered by LPS, Amyloid-β, and Interferon-γ in Glial Cells

Figure 9

RC reduces damage to primary neurons treated with conditioned media from Aβ-stimulated microglia. Rat microglia were untreated or pretreated with RC (0.5 μM) for 1 h followed by 24 h exposure to Aβ (5 μM). The culture media were centrifuged, filtered, and used as conditioned media. Rat hippocampal neurons at 14 days in culture were treated with 50% conditioned media from microglia for 24 h. (a) Neuronal integrity was assessed by immunostaining with anti-Tau antibody that specifically labeled axonal processes. Note that addition of the conditioned media from Aβ-stimulated microglia induced neuronal damage, and the presence of RC partially reversed this effect. The conditioned media from RC-treated microglia had no detectable effect on the morphological appearance of neurons when compared to those grown in control medium. (b) Tau immunoreactivity was quantified with ImageJ. Scale bar, 20 μm. (c) Total lengths of axons were measured by NeuronJ. Data are represented as mean ± SEM (). One-way ANOVA (post hoc Dunnett’s test) was used to determine the significance of the data. ^## and ^### versus control; versus Aβ.

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