Hederagenin Induces Apoptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Head and Neck Cancer Cells by Inhibiting the Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant Pathway

Figure 3

Hederagenin induces GSH depletion and ROS accumulation in cisplatin-resistant HNC cells. (a, b) Cellular GSH and ROS levels in cells treated with various combinations of 10 μM cisplatin, 80 μM hederagenin, and 0.5 mM trolox for 24 h. (c, d) Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in cisplatin-resistant HNC cells treated with various combinations of 10 μM cisplatin, 80 μM hederagenin, and 0.5 mM trolox for 24 h. ΔΨm was measured using flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with TMRE. The MFI of each treatment group was normalized to the control group. The error bars represent the standard error from three independent experiments. relative to control, between groups.

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