Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Review Article

ROS: Crucial Intermediators in the Pathogenesis of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Table 2

Therapeutic effects of antioxidants on degenerative disc cells and intervertebral disc degeneration.


Antioxidant	Model (administration route)	Therapeutic effects	Reference

NAC	Rat AF cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing catabolic and proinflammatory phenotype induced by H₂O₂	[14]
	Rat discs (oral administration)	Delaying IDD process induced by disc puncture	[14]
	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Retarding premature senescence induced by H₂O₂	[15]
	Rabbit AF cells (in vitro supplementation)	Restraining apoptosis induced by local anesthetics	[23]
	Rat NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing excessive autophagy induced by serum deprivation	[24]
	Rat NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing excessive autophagy induced by compression	[25]

Resveratrol	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing apoptosis	[26, 27]
	Bovine NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Inhibiting matrix catabolic phenotype and promoting matrix anabolism	[28]
	Mouse discs (oral administration)	Delaying IDD process induced by disc puncture	[29]
	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Inhibiting matrix catabolic phenotype and promoting matrix anabolism	[30]
	Rat NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Inhibiting apoptosis induced by IL-1	[31]
	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing matrix catabolic phenotype induced by TNF-	[32]
	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing proinflammatory phenotype induced by IL-1	[33]

EGCG	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Retarding premature senescence induced by H₂O₂	[34]
EGCG	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing the proinflammatory and catabolic phenotype induced IL-1	[35]

Fullerol	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Retarding matrix catabolism induced by H₂O₂	[36]
Fullerol	Rabbit discs (intradiscal injection)	Delaying IDD process induced by disc puncture	[36]

Cordycepin	Rat NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing matrix catabolic phenotype induced by LPS	[37]
Cordycepin	Rat organ cultured discs (ex vivo supplementation)	Delaying IDD process induced by LPS	[37]

BMP7	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing apoptosis and matrix catabolic phenotype induced by H₂O₂	[38]
IGF1	Human AF cells (in vitro supplementation)	Retarding premature senescence induced by H₂O₂	[39]
HGF	Rabbit NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing apoptosis and matrix catabolic and proinflammatory phenotype induced by H₂O₂	[40]
PQQ	Rat NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing apoptosis and matrix catabolic phenotype induced by H₂O₂	[41]
Ferulic acid	Rabbit NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Restraining apoptosis and matrix catabolic phenotype by H₂O₂	[42, 43]
GSH	Human NP cells (in vitro supplementation)	Suppressing apoptosis and matrix catabolic phenotype induced by H₂O₂	[44]

NP: nucleus pulposus; AF: annulus fibrosus; GSH: glutathione; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; IDD: intervertebral disc degeneration; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; EGCG: epigallocatechin 3-gallate; PQQ: pyrroloquinoline quinone; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; IGF: insulin-like growth factor; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor.