Oxidative Stress and Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms—Biomarkers—Interventions, and Future Perspectives

Table 1

Common causes and susceptibilities for AKI.

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Sepsis

Circulatory compromise (shock)

Burns/trauma

Cardiac surgery (especially with cardiopulmonary bypass)

Major (noncardiac) surgery

Nephrotoxic drugs

Radiocontrast agents

Poisonous plants/animals

Volume depletion

Advanced age

Female gender

Black race

Chronic kidney disease

Diabetes mellitus

Cancer

Anemia

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