Comparison of the Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Anthocyanin Metabolites, Protocatechuic Acid and 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Figure 7

PCA, but not HBA, attenuates inflammation induced by LPS in BV2 microglia. (a) Quantitative assessment of nitric oxide production in untreated, BV2 microglia, and microglia stimulated with LPS alone or in combination with various concentrations of PCA. Nitric oxide production was determined using the Griess method to measure nitrite, a major degradation product of nitric oxide, in cell culture medium incubated with BV2 microglia. (b) Quantitative assessment of nitric oxide production by BV2 microglia stimulated with LPS alone or in combination with various concentrations of HBA. Nitric oxide production was quantified as in (a). Data are represented as mean ± SEM for experiments for nitric oxide assay. indicates , and indicates in comparison to untreated controls; † indicates in comparison to cells treated with LPS alone by one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tukey’s test.

(a)

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