Review Article

Ginsenoside Rb1 for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Preclinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms

Table 1

Characteristics of the 10 included studies.

Study (year)Species (sex, n = experimental/control group)WeightModel (method)AnestheticTreatment group (method to astragal sides)Control groupOutcome index (time)Intergroup differences

Zhang (2010)SD rats (male, 10/10)220–280 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 120 minutesPentobarbital sodium (50 mg/kg, 3%)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (40 mg/kg) 10 minutes earlier before reperfusionIntravenous injection isasteric and nonfunctional liquid 10 minutes earlier before reperfusion(1) Myocardial infarct size;(1)
(2) LDH(2)
(3) CK(3)
(4) MDA(4)
(5) SOD(5)
(6) HR(6)
(7) RPP(7)
(8) MAP(8)

Wang (2016)SD rats (male, 12/12)180–240 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 120 minutesUrethane (1 ml/kg, 10%)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (40 mg/kg) before reperfusionIntravenous injection nothing before reperfusion(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) Caspase-3(2)
(3) TNF-α(3)

Chen (2012)SD rats (male, 10/10)220–260 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 180 minutesEthyl etherIntravenous injection G-Rb1 (100 mg/kg·d), once a day, for 7 days, before establishing modelIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline, once a day, for 7 days, before establishing model(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) SOD(2)
(3) MDA(3)
(4) NO(4)

Leng (2015)SD rats (male/female, 15/15)180–220 gIntravenous injection isoprenaline (30 mg/kg)Chloral hydrate (10%)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (20 mg/kg·d), once a day, for 5 days, before establishing modelIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline, once a day, for 5 days, before establishing model(1) Microcirculation blood flow of heart surface(1)
(2) LDH(2)
(3) CK(3)
(4) MDA(4)
(5) SOD(5)
(6) GSH(6)
(7) NO(7)
(8) HR(8)
(9) The level of ST-segment depression(9)

Liu (2012)SD rats (male, 10/10)250–300 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 120 minutesBarbital sodium (50 mg/kg)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (40 mg/kg) 10 minutes earlier before reperfusionIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline 10 minutes earlier before reperfusion(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) Myocardial cell apoptosis rate(2)
(3) P-Akt(3)

Liu (2008)SD rats (male/female, 20/20)200–250 gBlock LAD for 30 minutesPentobarbital sodium (1%)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (20 mg/kg·d), once a day, for 7 days, before establishing modelIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline, once a day, for 7 days, before establishing model(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) VEGF(2)
(3) Microvessel density(3)
(4) HR(4)

Li (2006)SD rats (male, 7/8)200–250 gBlock LAD for 30 minutesChloral hydrate (300 mg/kg)Intravenous injection G-Rb1 (4 mg/kg·d), once a day, for 7 days, before establishing modelIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline, once a day, for 7 days, before establishing model(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) Left ventricular mass index(2)
(3) The left ventricle section diameter(3)
(4) SOD(4)
(5) MDA(5)
(6) HR(6)

Zeng (2003)Wistar rats (male/female, 5/5)200–250 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 360 minutesEthyl etherIntravenous injection G-Rb1 (20 mg/kg) 10 minutes earlier before establishing modelIntravenous injection isasteric normal saline 10 minutes earlier before establishing model(1) Myocardial apoptosis cell count(1)

Wang (2008)SD rats (male, 9/9)260–320 gBlock LAD for 45 minutes then reflow for 120 minutesPentobarbital sodium (80 mg/kg)Intravenous G-Rb1 (40 mg/kg) 10 minutes earlier before reperfusionIntravenous nothing before reperfusion(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) CK(2)
(3) CK-MB(3)
(4) LDH(4)
(5) cTnT(5)
(6) HR(6)
(7) RPP(7)
(8) MAP(8)

Wu (2012)SD rats (male, 6/6)250–300 gBlock LAD for 30 minutes then reflow for 120 minutesBarbital sodium (50 mg/kg)Intravenous G-Rb1 (40 mg/kg) 10 minutes earlier before reperfusionIntravenous nothing before reperfusion(1) Myocardial infarct size(1)
(2) Myocardial cell apoptosis rate(2)
(3) CK-MB(3)
(4) LDH(4)
(5) P-Akt(5)
(6) Caspase-3(6)

SD rats: Sprague-Dawley; LAD: the left anterior descending coronary artery; G-Rb1: ginsenoside Rb1; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: malondialdehyde; CK: creatine kinase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CK-MB: creatine kinase-MB; cTnT: cardiac troponin T; HR: heart rate; RPP: rate-pressure product; MAP: mean arterial pressure; GSH: glutathione synthetase; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.