Lung-Protective Ventilation Strategies for Relief from Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: A Bicenter Randomized, Parallel, and Controlled Trial

Figure 5

Changes in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels among patients receiving conventional mechanical or protective lung ventilation during surgery. Values are given as means ± standard error of the mean. CVS, continuous ventilatory support; SIMV, synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation; CV group, conventional mechanical ventilation with 12 mL/kg tidal volume (V_T) and 0 cm H₂O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); PV group, protective lung ventilation with 6 mL/kg V_T and 10 cm H₂O PEEP.

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