Lung-Protective Ventilation Strategies for Relief from Ventilator-Associated Lung Injury in Patients Undergoing Craniotomy: A Bicenter Randomized, Parallel, and Controlled Trial

Figure 6

Changes in interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid among patients receiving conventional mechanical or protective lung ventilation during surgery. Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. CVS, continuous ventilatory support; SIMV, synchronized intermittent mechanical ventilation; CV group, conventional mechanical ventilation with 12 mL/kg tidal volume (V_T) and 0 cm H₂O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP); PV group, protective lung ventilation with 6 mL/kg V_T and 10 cm H₂O PEEP.

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