Semipurified Ethyl Acetate Partition of Methanolic Extract of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves Exerts Gastroprotective Activity Partly via Its Antioxidant-Antisecretory-Anti-Inflammatory Action and Synergistic Action of Several Flavonoid-Based Compounds

Figure 2

Microscopic analysis of the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer tissues following pretreatment of rats with the respective partition of M. malabathricum (magnification at ×20). (a) The negative control group (10% DMSO-pretreated) displayed severe hemorrhage (red arrow), ulcer (blue arrow), and necrosis at mucosa epithelium and edema (yellow arrow) at submucosa layer. (b) The positive control group (ranitidine-pretreated) demonstrated mild ulcer and hemorrhage at mucosa and moderate oedema at submucosa layer. (c1), (d1), and (e1) The groups pretreated with the respective PEMM, EAMM, or AQMM, at the dose of 50 mg/kg, demonstrated severe disruption with ulcer and hemorrhage at mucosa epithelium and severe oedema at submucosa layer with the presence of severe to moderate hemorrhage, ulcer, and necrosis at mucosa epithelium layer. and (c2), (d2), and (e2) At the dose of 500 mg/kg, the group pretreated with EAMM showed the mildest tissue damage when compared to the PEMM or AEMM indicated by the presence of mild ulcer, moderate edema, and the absence of hemorrhage.