Fucoxanthin, a Marine Carotenoid, Attenuates β-Amyloid Oligomer-Induced Neurotoxicity Possibly via Regulating the PI3K/Akt and the ERK Pathways in SH-SY5Y Cells

Figure 8

LY294002 and wortmannin significantly abolished the neuroprotective effects of fucoxanthin against Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal loss in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 10 μM LY294002 (LY) or 0.05 μM wortmannin (Wort). After 0.5 h, 3 μM fucoxanthin was added. Aβ oligomers (1 μM) were added at 2 h after the addition of fucoxanthin. The MTT assay was used to measure cell viability at 24 h after the treatment of Aβ oligomers. Data, expressed as percentage of control, were the mean ± SEM of three separate experiments; ^## versus the control group, versus the Aβ oligomer group, and ^$ and ^$$ versus the fucoxanthin plus Aβ oligomer group (ANOVA and Tukey’s test).