Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms of Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rin-5F Pancreatic β-Cells

Figure 10

Schematic model depicting the mechanism of STZ-induced cytotoxicity in Rin-5F cells. STZ competes with glucose (Glu) to enter the cells via GLUT 2 receptors, causing Akt phosphorylation, which, in turn, causes further translocation of the GLUT 2 receptors. The model also shows that STZ induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis by increased ROS/NOS production, oxidative/nitrosative stress, increased LPO, DNA damage, a decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Upward arrows (↑) indicate increase and downward arrows (↓) indicate decrease.