Therapeutic Potential of Novel Twin Compounds Containing Tetramethylpyrazine and Carnitine Substructures in Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Figure 6

LR134 and LR143 improved energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. (a) ATP contents in brain tissues from different groups of rats at 24 hours of reperfusion after MCAO. (b) Representative Western blot gel documents and summarized data showing the levels of activated AMPK in the brain from different groups of rats. (c) Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected with the fluorescent probe JC-1 staining and presented by the ratio of JC-1 monomer to J-aggregates followed by flow cytometric analysis. (d) Transmission electron microscope analysis showing the images of neurons and mitochondria from different groups of rats. (e) Representative Western blot gel documents and summarized data showing the cytochrome C release from mitochondria to the cytosol. versus sham-operated group, versus I/R-vehicle group ().

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)