Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Shungite against Ultraviolet B Irradiation-Induced Skin Damage in Hairless Mice

Figure 4

Reduction of total intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen (ROS/RNS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) species in mouse serum and skin lysate of shungite-treated groups. Shown are the effects of shungite in the total ROS/RNS in serum (a) and skin lysates (b) as well as the SOD concentration in serum (c) and skin lysates (d) as determined by an ROS/RNS detection kit by Enzo Life Sciences Inc. Control groups include non-UVB-irradiated group (NC), UVB-irradiated only group (UV), UVB + fullerene C60-treated positive control group (PC), and UVB + olive oil-treated group (OIL), while experimental groups include UVB + mineral-rich shungite-treated group (MRS) and mineral-less shungite-treated group (MLS). Statistical analysis was carried out using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by subsequent multiple comparison test (Tukey’s multiple comparisons test) using GraphPad Prism version 5.0. Data were expressed as mean fluorescence ± SD, . Differences were considered significant at versus each treatment.

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