The Neuroprotective Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis on Neurodegenerative Damage in Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells

Figure 2

Effects of methanol extracts of propolis on the H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. (a) Fluorescent images of MitoSOX Red signals in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to H₂O₂ for 1 h with or without propolis (10 μg/mL) for 2 h. Scale bar = 15 μm. (b) The quantitative analyses of MitoSOX Red signal intensity in (a). (c) Immunofluorescent CLMS images of 8-oxo-dG (red) with Hoechst-stained nuclei (blue) in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 100 μM of H₂O₂ for 4 h with or without pretreatment with propolis (10 μg/mL) for 2 h. Scale bar = 10 μm. (d) The quantitative analyses of 8-oxo-dG immunofluorescence signal intensity in (c). The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM ( each), and the asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference from the indicated group value ().

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