Redox Regulation of Inflammatory Processes Is Enzymatically Controlled

Table 2

Clinical implications of redox enzymes.

Protein	Reactive species	Pathology	Levels/role	Reference
Myeloperoxidase	Production of hypochlorous and hypobromous acid	Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease	Beneficial	[172, 258]
		Arteriosclerotic plaques	Increased	[259]
		Breast cancer and chemotherapy	Activity increased/beneficial	[177]
		Cardiovascular disease	Increased (plasma)	[165]
		Chronic lung infection in preterm infants	Increased (tracheal aspirates)	[170]
		Rheumatoid arthritis	Increased (plasma, synovial fluid)	[168]
Lactoperoxidase	Production of hypothiocyanate	Chronic peridontitis	Oral LPO administration had no effect on disease	[179]
		Peridontitis in diabetes mellitus type I	Activity increased (saliva)	[180]
		Recurrent aphtous stomatitis	Decreased (saliva)	[183]
		Smoking	Activity decreased (saliva)	[187]
NADPH oxidase	Production of superoxide and secondary hydrogen peroxide	Acute myocardial infarct	Increased (heart tissue), activity increased (heart tissue), increased (saphenous vein)	[192–194]
		Cardiovascular disease	Increased (serum)/detrimental	[202]
		Chronic granulomatous disease	Activity decreased (peripheral blood neutrophils)/detrimental	[189]
		Diabetes nephropathy	Increased/phase II trial completed	[199]
		Melanoma	Similar (melanoma tissue)/no correlation with invasiveness	[201]
		Retinopathy	Increased/detrimental	[260]
Nitric oxide synthase	Production of nitric oxide	Asthma	Inhibition detrimental/inhibition beneficial/inhibition had no effect	[224–226]
		Breast cancer	Increased/none	[234]
		Head and neck cancer	Increased/detrimental (in respective cancer tissue)	[235]
		Heart disease and rejected transplants	Increased (heart tissue)	[228–232]
		Melanoma	Increased/detrimental	[233]
		Migraine	Inhibition beneficial/inhibition had no effect	[220–222]
		Rheumatoid arthritis	Increased/inhibition beneficial	[227]
		Sepsis	Inhibition detrimental/beneficial/no effect (serum)	[213–217]
Peroxiredoxins	Decomposition of H2O2, redox signaling	Alzheimer’s disease	Prx1/Prx2 increased (brain tissue), Prx2 activity decreased (blood), Prx3 decreased (brain tissue)	[241–243, 248]
		Cataracts	Prx6 decreased (eye tissue)	[250]
		Diabetes mellitus type II	Prx4 increased (serum)	[252]
		Diabetic retinopathy	Prx1 increased (vitreous biopsy)	[251]
		Glaucoma	Prx6 increased (eye tissue)	[249]
		Lung cancer	Prx1 increased, Prx3 increased (cancer tissue)	[254, 255]
		Parkinson’s disease	Prx2 increased	[244]