Cell Signaling with Extracellular Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin-Like Proteins: Insight into Their Mechanisms of Action

<div>Deoxyribonucleotide by ribonucleotide reductase. (a) Chemical structure of ribose and 2<svg height="11.4859pt" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z" id="g50-31"></path></g></svg>deoxyribose. (b) Ribonucleotide reductase catalysis and recycling. RNR: ribonucleotide reductase, NTP: ribonucleotide triphosphate, dNTP: deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate, TXN: thioredoxin.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 2

Figure 2: Cell Signaling with Extracellular Thioredoxin and Thioredoxin-Like Proteins: Insight into Their Mechanisms of Action 