ROS-Dependent Activation of Autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Is Induced by Hydroxysafflor Yellow A-Sonodynamic Therapy in THP-1 Macrophages

Figure 5

HSYA-SDT could inhibit expression of inflammatory factors in THP-1 macrophages. (a) Protein extracts from untreated cells (Control) and cells treated with HSYA, ultrasound, HSYA-SDT, or 3-MA prior to HSYA-SDT were analyzed by Western blots to detect TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-1β. Quantifications of protein expression are also provided. (b) ELISAs of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-1β secreted by THP-1 macrophages with different treatments. All data are mean ± standard error (). , , and versus Control.

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