Risperidone-Induced Renal Damage and Metabolic Side Effects: The Protective Effect of Resveratrol

Table 4

Effects of risperidone and resveratrol on apoptotic index (%) in rat kidneys.

Groups	Apoptotic index (%) (AI; mean ± SD)
Control	4.83 ± 1.17^b,c,d,e
RIS	32.50 ± 3.56^a,c,d,e
RIS+RSV-1	14.16 ± 2.40^a,b
RIS+RSV-2	14.20 ± 2.86^a,b
RIS+RSV-3	12.00 ± 2.60^a,b

The apoptotic index of all the groups. Values are mean ± SD for seven rats in each group. ^aSignificant from control; ^bSignificant from RIS; ^cSignificant from RIS+RSV-1; ^dSignificant from RIS+RSV-2; and ^eSignificant from RIS+RSV-3 (). RIS: risperidone; RSV: resveratrol; RIS+RSV-1: 2 mg/kg RIS+20 mg/kg RSV; RIS+RSV-2: 2 mg/kg RIS+40 mg/kg RSV; RIS+RSV-3: 2 mg/kg RIS+80 mg/kg RSV. The extent of TUNEL staining was scored semiquantitatively as 0 (none), 1 (light), 2 (medium), and 3 (intense).