Bioavailable Concentrations of Delphinidin and Its Metabolite, Gallic Acid, Induce Antioxidant Protection Associated with Increased Intracellular Glutathione in Cultured Endothelial Cells

Figure 4

Number of Trypan blue-negative and Trypan blue-positive HUVECs after treatment (24 h) with increasing concentrations of (a) delphinidin (Del) and (b) gallic acid (GA), determined by Trypan blue exclusion. Values are shown as mean ± SEM (); and indicate the difference between Trypan blue-negative cells and the vehicle-treated control (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s posttest).

(a)

(b)