Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles in Lung Acutely Induce Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and DNA Damage in Various Organs of Mice

Figure 1

Treatments and endpoints assessed including markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and total nitric oxide (NO)], inflammation [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β], and DNA damage by COMET assay, 24 h after intratracheal instillation of saline (control) or 0.5 mg/kg cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂ NPs) in mice.