Increased Levels of Oxidative Stress Markers, Soluble CD40 Ligand, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Reflect Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Active Phase and without the Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Table 3

Oxidative stress parameters: malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ab-ox-LDL), and total oxidant status (TOS) concentration in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients and healthy subjects.

Parameter	AS patients ()	Healthy subjects ()
MDA (p) (μmol/l)	2.51 ± 0.63	2.25 ± 0.47	0.025
MDA (e) (nmol/gHb)	0.17 ± 0.03	0.15 ± 0.03	<0.001
ox-LDL (s) (ng/ml)	268.48 ± 105.83	162.98 ± 63.29	<0.001
ab-ox-LDL (s) (mU/ml)	479.82 ± 328.39	323.82 ± 210.26	0.007
TOS (s) (μmol/l)	26.99 ± 10.65	16.50 ± 6.87	<0.001

Values are expressed as means ± standard deviations (SD) of the means; p: plasma; s: serum; e: erythrocyte lysates.