Impact of Hot Environment on Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance, Renal Damage, Hemolysis, and Immune Activation Postmarathon
Table 5
Iron metabolism and hemolysis biomarkers after marathon race in the temperate and hot environments.
Reference value
Before
Immediately after
1 day after
3 days after
Iron (μg/L)
60–150
HE
110 ± 8
120 ± 7
142 ± 10
90 ± 6
TE
120 ± 9
126 ± 9
130 ± 8
89 ± 6
Ferritin (ng/L)
23–336.2
HE
172 ± 23#
194 ± 25
186 ± 24#
147 ± 20
TE
147 ± 20
181 ± 25
169 ± 21
152 ± 17
Transferrin (mg/dL)
170–340
HE
280 ± 4##
277 ± 4
277 ± 4#
266 ± 3##
TE
257 ± 6
275 ± 7
248 ± 5
242 ± 4
Transferrin saturation (%)
20–50
HE
39 ± 3#
43 ± 3
51 ± 3
34 ± 2
TE
47 ± 4
45 ± 3
54 ± 4
38 ± 3
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.1–1.2
HE
0.8 ± 0.1
0.9 ± 0.1#
1.1 ± 0.1
0.7 ± 0.05
TE
0.9 ± 0.1
1.1 ± 0.1
1.1 ± 0.1
0.8 ± 0.1
Unconjugated bilirubin (mg/dL)
0.1–1.2
HE
0.4 ± 0.04
0.5 ± 0.06#
0.6 ± 0.1#
0.4 ± 0.03
TE
0.5 ± 0.1
0.7 ± 0.1
0.8 ± 0.1
0.4 ± 0.1
Conjugated bilirubin (mg/dL)
<0.3
HE
0.3 ± 0.02
0.4 ± 0.03
0.4 ± 0.04#
0.3 ± 0.02
TE
0.3 ± 0.02
0.4 ± 0.03
0.3 ± 0.01
0.3 ± 0.02
The values are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) of 26 runners. HE: hot environment; TE: temperate environment. versus before the race; versus before the race; ; and versus temperate environment.
